Protocolos de bioseguridad y gestión de la salud de los peces en los criaderos de Kenia: una clave para la producción sostenible de semillas de peces de calidad

Autores/as

  • Fredrick Juma Syanya School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India - Government of Kenya Ministry of Mining Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, Kenya Fisheries Service, Kenya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-8614
  • Harikrishnan Mahadevan School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India
  • A. R. Nikhila Khanna School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9433-4643
  • Wilson Munala Mathia Government of Kenya Ministry of Mining Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, Vihiga County Government, Kenya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-6384
  • Paul Mumina Government of Kenya Ministry of Mining Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, Kenya Fisheries Service, Kenya https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7024-7191
  • Joel Anyula Litabas Government of Kenya Ministry of Mining Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, Vihiga County Government, Kenya
  • Caleb Sifuna Department of Land Use Management, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3812025010102

Palabras clave:

Salud piscícola, medidas de bioseguridad, operaciones de criaderos de peces, manejo de enfermedades de peces, prácticas de salud en acuicultura

Resumen

La acuicultura se está convirtiendo cada vez más en una actividad agrícola vital a nivel mundial para satisfacer la demanda exponencialmente alta de pescado y reducir la presión sobre la pesca de captura mundial. En Kenia, el crecimiento de la acuicultura ha generado preocupaciones por el suministro de semillas de peces de calidad, y los agricultores a menudo informan de casos relacionados con la adulteración de alevines y el etiquetado incorrecto en los que renacuajos de rana se empaquetan y suministran como alevines de Clarias gariepinus, y alevines de Oreochromis niloticus de sexos mezclados se venden falsamente a los piscicultores como tilapia del Nilo monosexo de sexo invertido. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar estrategias para mejorar la producción de semilla de peces de calidad en el país. Los datos primarios se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas utilizando la caja de herramientas de Kobo. Los encuestados se seleccionaron mediante muestreo intencional y aleatorio. El análisis utilizó el software SPSS. Los hallazgos mostraron una dependencia moderada de oficinas de notificación específicas para casos de enfermedades de peces y una variación significativa en los tipos de enfermedades y medidas de bioseguridad. Los operadores de los criaderos participaron más en las prácticas de tratamiento y gestión de enfermedades de los peces que en la notificación de enfermedades. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el tratamiento y el manejo de enfermedades, el tipo de enfermedades encontradas en los peces de criadero y la naturaleza de los alevines producidos (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, hubo una diferencia significativa entre la fuente de reproductores, las medidas de bioseguridad, el tipo de enfermedades encontradas en los peces y la Oficina de Notificación de Casos de Enfermedades (p < 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las medidas de bioseguridad y el período en que se estableció el criadero (p > 0,05). La falta de apoyo financiero, una fuerza laboral sin experiencia y la falta de conocimiento en la identificación y tratamiento de enfermedades de peces fueron los principales problemas que afectaron la sostenibilidad de las operaciones de los criaderos en el país. Los formuladores de políticas de acuicultura deben establecer apoyo financiero para los criaderos, implementar capacitación sobre manejo de enfermedades, promover colaboraciones de investigación para la vigilancia de enfermedades e incentivar medidas de bioseguridad entre los administradores de los criaderos y los piscicultores para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la acuicultura en Kenia. Se deberían realizar más investigaciones para explorar métodos de tratamiento y sostenibilidad a largo plazo para mitigar los riesgos de enfermedades.

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Biografía del autor/a

Harikrishnan Mahadevan, School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, India

Joel Anyula Litabas, Government of Kenya Ministry of Mining Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs, Vihiga County Government, Kenya

Caleb Sifuna, Department of Land Use Management, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya

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Publicado

15-07-2024

Cómo citar

Syanya, F. J., Mahadevan, H., Nikhila Khanna, A. R., Munala Mathia, W., Mumina, P., Anyula Litabas, J. y Sifuna, C. (2024) «Protocolos de bioseguridad y gestión de la salud de los peces en los criaderos de Kenia: una clave para la producción sostenible de semillas de peces de calidad», Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS), 38(1), pp. 5–19. doi: 10.47193/mafis.3812025010102.

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Documentos de Investigación Originales