Estado y características de los tiburones y rayas impactados por la pesca artesanal: potenciales implicancias para el manejo y la conservación
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https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3812025010101Palabras clave:
Manejo de pesquerías artesanales, especies amenazadas, captura de juveniles, conservaciónResumen
La pesca artesanal en Kenia enfrenta desafíos sustanciales, incluida una aplicación inadecuada, la ausencia de regulaciones adaptadas para la conservación de los elasmobranquios y la falta de sistemas sólidos de recopilación de datos, lo que dificulta la comprensión de las pesquerías y los aspectos biológicos de las especies. Para abordar estos desafíos, nuestro estudio examinó la composición de especies, el tamaño, el peso y el número de desembarques de tiburones y rayas en tres sitios históricamente conocidos por sus altas capturas de elasmobranquios. La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la pesquería de elasmobranquios de Kenia y exhibir su superposición con los hábitats clave. Los hallazgos son preocupantes, ya que 79% de las especies pesqueras desembarcadas están clasificadas como amenazadas en la Lista Roja de la UICN. Esto incluye al tiburón martillo festoneado (Sphyrna lewini) en peligro crítico de extinción, y al pez guitarra de manchas blancas (Rhynchobatus djiddensis), ambas especies capturadas con frecuencia. Además, 97% de los tiburones y 46% de las rayas son desembarcados como individuos neonatos e inmaduros. Son imperativos los cambios urgentes en la gestión pesquera nacional para prevenir la posible desaparición local de varias especies de tiburones y rayas. Recomendamos medidas de conservación específicas para reducir la captura de los juveniles de las especies amenazadas, tales como prohibir el desembarco de especies amenazadas y establecer límites de tamaño mínimo. Hacer cumplir las regulaciones pesqueras, como el tamaño de la malla, y priorizar la protección de los hábitats de las especies en mayor riesgo son pasos proactivos esenciales.
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Clare J. Thouless, Coastal Oceans Research and Development, Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats, Kenyatta Beach, Bamburi, Mombasa, Kenya
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