Desafíos en medios de vida y adquisición de alimentos en comunidades insulares durante la pandemia mundial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3822025010111Palabras clave:
COVID-19, islas alejadas, seguridad alimenticia, Filipinas, resiliencia costeraResumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó en gran medida a la economía mundial y a los esfuerzos por lograr la seguridad alimentaria. La pesca fue uno de los sectores vulnerables a los impactos de la COVID-19, pero la literatura disponible sobre este tema se limita principalmente a las áreas accesibles. Por lo tanto, este estudio se centra en las comunidades insulares en áreas remotas del norte de Iloilo, Filipinas, para comprender sus experiencias únicas con el acceso a los recursos naturales, los servicios de subsistencia y los alimentos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron encuestas de hogares (n = 520), entrevistas a informantes clave (n = 10) y debates en grupos focales (n = 51). Se encontró que los medios de vida del 70% de los encuestados dependía de actividades relacionadas con la pesca y las actividades post-captura. El otro 30% de los encuestados dependía de trabajos contractuales, pequeñas empresas, remesas de familiares, agricultura y servicios de transporte en barco. En general, las aldeas de las islas remotas tuvieron dificultades para acceder a los recursos naturales, como lo demuestra la reducción de las operaciones pesqueras (entre 0 y 20 días mes-1), el acceso limitado a los insumos para el sustento (por ejemplo, petróleo crudo o hielo) y el acceso limitado a los mercados y puertos debido a las horas de funcionamiento restringidas durante la pandemia. Las dificultades financieras y las restricciones de viaje dificultaron mucho el acceso a productos alimenticios no pesqueros, como arroz, verduras y carne. El acceso al agua potable también fue un problema porque las fuentes de agua provienen del continente o de otras islas. En general, los resultados mostraron que la pandemia de COVID-19 afectó enormemente a los medios de vida y la seguridad alimentaria de los habitantes de las aldeas de las islas remotas. Estos hallazgos son valiosos para futuras medidas de gestión de emergencias, especialmente para garantizar que nadie quede atrás.
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