Vulnerabilidad al cambio climático, adaptación y servicios ecosistémicos en diferentes pesquerías y acuiculturas en Asia: una revisión
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3822025010101Palabras clave:
Revisión sistemática de literatura, PRISMA, manejo pesquero, seguridad alimentariaResumen
Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo discutir la vulnerabilidad y los impactos del cambio climático en las pesquerías tropicales en Asia mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. El estudio aplicó los elementos del ítems Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA) para evaluar la literatura entre 1990 y 2020. Los resultados mostraron agrupaciones de textos, palabras clave y títulos según términos de búsqueda como cambio climático, pesca y adaptación. Los enlaces con puntajes altos revelaron las agrupaciones: 1) cambio climático y seguridad alimentaria, 2) biodiversidad y protección del medio ambiente, 3) conservación de recursos, 4) impactos del cambio climático en Asia, 5) pesca. Los resúmenes y títulos produjeron agrupaciones sobre: 1) medios de vida y seguridad alimentaria, 2) captura pesquera, 3) enfoques de las partes interesadas, 4) servicios ecosistémicos. Si bien el cambio climático dominó los estudios de vulnerabilidad y adaptación, es solo uno de los muchos factores de estrés que afectan a la pesca y la acuicultura. Se sugiere la adaptación como una solución para reducir la vulnerabilidad y aumentar la resiliencia en las comunidades pesqueras. Sin embargo, nuestros hallazgos indican que los factores sociales y económicos que contribuyen a la vulnerabilidad inducida por el clima aún están relativamente desatendidos. Mejorar la biodiversidad y la protección del medio ambiente puede conducir a un entorno más productivo y con mayor seguridad alimentaria para los agricultores y pescadores. Las intervenciones deben centrarse en la adaptación, y el establecimiento de una “cogestión pesquera adaptativa” basada en la ciencia es crucial para involucrar a las comunidades pesqueras y abordar sus vulnerabilidades y aspiraciones más amplias.
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