Desechos marinos flotantes en dos ecosistemas pelágicos del Atlántico Sudoccidental frente a Argentina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3742024010704Palabras clave:
Contaminación ambiental, Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental, plástico, plataforma continental argentinaResumen
En 2012 y 2013, se realizaron estudios de observación desde buques sísmicos para evaluar la abundancia y composición de desechos marinos flotantes (FMD) en el este de Tierra del Fuego (TDF), Argentina y en la zona de confluencia Brasil/Malvinas (BMC), respectivamente. La abundancia media de FMD varió significativamente entre los ecosistemas muestreados, con cargas más altas en TDF (abundancia media = 6,15 ± 8,84 elementos) en comparación con BMC (3,31 ± 6,83 elementos). Los plásticos dominaron la composición de los FMD en ambos ecosistemas (> 80%), seguidos del poliestireno expandido. Dentro del rubro de plásticos, las bolsas fueron el ítem más abundante, seguido de envoltorios y botellas, entre otros. Según su color, los restos blancos/transparentes y multicolores fueron los más abundantes. La principal fuente presunta de FMD fue la actividad doméstica, seguida de las relacionadas con la pesca y la construcción. Este es el primer estudio que demuestra la utilidad de los buques sísmicos como plataforma para monitorear los FMD en aguas dentro de la plataforma continental Argentina y aguas adyacentes.
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