Caracterización de bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos en la estación EPEA, costa del Atlántico Sur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3412021010304Palabras clave:
PAH, biorremediación, biosurfactanteResumen
Las bacterias degradadoras de hidrocarburos (BDH) fueron monitoreadas desde 2006 a 2018 en la Estación Permanente de Estudios Ambientales (EPEA), con el fin de analizar su abundancia y la potencialidad de metabolizar estos contaminantes. La presencia de BDH se detectó con valores de recuento que oscilaron entre 103 y 105 UFC ml-1. Se observó un ligero aumento a lo largo del tiempo, que podría estar relacionado con cambios en la temperatura marina reportados en los últimos años. Se analizaron 36 BDH para determinar su crecimiento en varios hidrocarburos y algunas de ellas mostraron un perfil de biodegradación amplio. Además, a partir de cultivos de enriquecimiento con fenantreno (Phe), se identificaron filogenéticamente cinco cepas como Halomonas sp. E1, E2 y E3; Rhodococcus sp. E4 y Pseudomonas sp. E5. Se demostró una degradación completa de Phe para las cepas E4 y E5, mientras que las cepas E1, E2, E3 y E4 mostraron producción de surfactante. Este estudio contribuyó con el primer conocimiento sobre el potencial intrínseco de biodegradación de los hidrocarburos por las comunidades bacterianas en EPEA. Algunas de las cepas exhibieron propiedades fisiológicas que pueden tener importancia ecológica sobre alteraciones ambientales como la presencia de contaminantes. En particular, Rhodococcus sp. E4 podría ser una alternativa para la selección microbiana en la degradación de hidrocarburos poliaromáticos. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar el impacto del cambio climático en los procesos de desintoxicación mediados por microbios.
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