Estrategias reproductivas de macroinvertebrados bentónicos en el frente del talud argentino, Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3922026010406Palabras clave:
Comunidades bentónicas, reproducción, dispersión larval, cuidado parental, ArgentinaResumen
El frente del talud continental argentino es de gran importancia ecológica y económica, y sustenta diversas comunidades bentónicas y procesos clave del ciclo de vida de varias especies comerciales. Este estudio proporciona la primera síntesis exhaustiva de los rasgos reproductivos entre los invertebrados bentónicos que habitan esta área del Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental (80-120 m de profundidad). Se recopiló información para 126 especies epibentónicas (> 1 cm) pertenecientes a los Phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Bryozoa y Chordata a partir de fuentes publicadas, con el objetivo de identificar las estrategias reproductivas dominantes que sustentan la persistencia de las poblaciones a lo largo del tiempo. Los datos reproductivos específicos de cada especie estaban disponibles solo para el 47% de los taxones, y para solo cinco especies (~ 4%) dicha información provino de especímenes colectados en el propio frente del talud. A pesar de la falta de datos y la necesidad de extrapolación a partir de taxones o regiones relacionadas, esta síntesis revela patrones reproductivos predominantes entre los invertebrados bentónicos y proporciona conocimientos básicos esenciales para la gestión ecosistémica. Aproximadamente el 68% de las especies son gonocóricas, aunque la mayoría de las esponjas y todas las ascidias son hermafroditas, mientras que el 43% puede reproducirse asexualmente o tiene la capacidad de regenerarse. Predomina la fecundación interna (71%), mientras que todos los bivalvos y poliquetos se reproducen por fecundación externa. El cuidado parental, definido como cualquier tipo de protección de los embriones mediante incubación o encapsulación, ocurre en el 61% de las especies, siendo universal entre los crustáceos y frecuente en los gasterópodos (89%). El desarrollo indirecto caracteriza al 82% de las especies, de las cuales el 59% produce larvas lecitotróficas y el 33% larvas planctotróficas. Comprender los modos reproductivos y las capacidades de dispersión es crucial para evaluar la conectividad, la resiliencia y la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades bentónicas en el frente del talud continental argentino.
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