Tendencias en la captura de pescadores artesanales cerca de áreas marinas protegidas en el sureste de Filipinas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3832025010706Palabras clave:
Artes de pesca, manejo de pesquerías, área marina protegida, monzón, peces de arrecifeResumen
Los pescadores dependen en gran medida de los recursos marinos para su alimentación e ingresos, lo que puede llevar a la sobreexplotación de los recursos. El blanqueamiento de corales, los impactos del cambio climático, la sobrepesca, la contaminación marina y la pesca ilegal representan amenazas para los ecosistemas marinos, lo que exige iniciativas de conservación como el establecimiento de áreas marinas protegidas (AMPs). Este estudio se centró en las tendencias de captura de los pescadores artesanales ubicados cerca de las AMPs en Mati, Mabini, San Isidro y Lupon, sureste de Filipinas. Describe las tendencias de captura y el esfuerzo pesquero (CPUE) en las AMPs gestionadas localmente en la región de Davao y algunas de sus implicaciones. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de censos de captura efectivamente desembarcada, basados en la evaluación participativa de capturas. Las artes de pesca representadas en los sitios de estudio incluyeron nasas, fusiles submarinos, palangre, línea de cacea, línea y anzuelo, líneas de mano múltiples y redes de enmalle. Se cuantificó la frecuencia de captura de los diferentes sitios de estudio (Mati = 2,1-4,0 kg viaje-1, Lupon = 10,1-20,0 kg viaje-1, San Isidro = 2,1-4,0 kg viaje-1, Mabini = 0,1-2,0 kg viaje-1) y mostró tendencias decrecientes. Tales circunstancias exigen una aplicación estricta de las zonas de veda dentro de las AMPs establecidas para generar mayores rendimientos a largo plazo y beneficios para las comunidades locales. Además, existe la necesidad de un mantenimiento de registros precisos utilizando bases de datos para todas las AMPs, ya que la documentación de la recuperación de las AMPs se basa en fuentes de datos creíbles. Las AMPs bien protegidas han mostrado un rendimiento pesquero abundante y ecosistemas marinos saludables que fomentan el ecoturismo y mejoran la conciencia sobre la conservación marina. Las actividades de ecoturismo dentro de las AMPs pueden ayudar a equilibrar el desplazamiento espacial y económico de los pescadores que anteriormente pescaban en los sitios de las AMP.
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