Del control centralizado a la cogestión participativa: cómo el pluralismo institucional moldea las percepciones de las partes interesadas sobre la transición de la gobernanza

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.39420260011002

Palabras clave:

Gobernanza participativa, metodología Q, sostenibilidad socio-ecológica

Resumen

Históricamente, los marcos de gobernanza para la pesca costera a pequeña escala se han basado en una gestión centralizada y jerárquica, lo que limita la participación de las partes interesadas locales. El presente estudio analizó las percepciones de 72 actores vinculados a la pesquería artesanal de merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) en el norte del Perú respecto a la implementación de un Modelo Integrado de Gobernanza Participativa para Pesquerías de Pequeña Escala (IMPG-SSF). Para ello, se aplicó la metodología Q mediante una distribución forzada de 30 declaraciones y un análisis factorial con rotación Varimax, complementado con un procedimiento bootstrap para evaluar la estabilidad de la solución factorial. Los resultados permitieron identificar tres narrativas diferenciadas. La primera interpretó la cogestión como una oportunidad para fortalecer la sostenibilidad socio-ecológica, la participación y la articulación entre actores. La segunda expresó una posición favorable, aunque condicionada por la necesidad de capacidades técnicas, claridad operativa y respaldo institucional. La tercera reflejó una visión más crítica, asociada a preocupaciones sobre conflictos, debilidad institucional y posibles dificultades para implementar el modelo en contextos locales complejos. La solución factorial presentó altos niveles de confiabilidad y estabilidad frente al remuestreo. La integración de los hallazgos evidenció que la transición hacia esquemas de gobernanza participativa depende no solo del reconocimiento del conocimiento local, sino también del fortalecimiento institucional, la coordinación entre actores y la construcción progresiva de confianza, concluyendo que la implementación del IMPG-SSF requiere estrategias adaptadas a las dinámicas territoriales y sociales de la pesquería artesanal.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Aguado SH, Segado IS, Vidal MES, Pitcher TJ, Lam ME. 2021. The quality of fisheries governance assessed using a participatory, multi-criteria framework: a case study from Murcia, Spain. Mar Policy. 124: 104280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104280

Banikoi H. 2024. Legal pluralism, ideology, and institutional change: the evolution of institutions for coastal resource governance in Ghana. J Institutional Econ. 20: e32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137424000225

Bassett HR, Sharan S, Suri SK, Advani S, Giordano C. 2022. A comparative study of small-scale fishery supply chains’ vulnerability and resilience to COVID-19. Marit Stud. 21 (2): 173-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-021-00231-4

Bausero-Jorcin S, Gelcich S, Gianelli I, Jorge-Romero G, Lezama C, Defeo O. 2024. Assessing the perfor-mance of a participatory governance transformation in small-scale fisheries: a case study from Uruguay. Mar Policy. 160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105964

Berkes F. 2008. Commons in a multi-level world. Int J Commons. 2 (1): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.80

Bowman M, Mangi SC, Oxenford HA. 2021. Using stakeholder’s perspectives of ‘Managed Access’ to guide management efforts in small-scale fisheries. Environ Conserv. 48 (2): 103-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000047

Brown SR. 1980. Political subjectivity: applications of Q methodology in political science. Yale University Press.

Calò A, Di Franco A, Dimitriadis C, Piacentini L, Ventura P, Pey A, García-Chartón JA, Charbonnel E, Decugis V, De Franco F, et al. 2023. Social-ecological features of set-net small-scale fisheries in the context of Medi-terranean marine protected areas. Mediterr Mar Sci. 24 (1): 57-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.33079

Cattell RB. 1966. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar Behav Res. 1 (2): 245-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10

Cinti A, Ramírez L, Castrejón M, Aburto JA, Loto L, Fulton S, Rueda M, Schiavetti A, Fernández-Rivera Melo FJ, Bravo M, et al. 2024. Small-scale fisheries in ecologically sensitive areas in Latin America and the Car-ibbean: Do marine protected areas benefit fisheries governance? Ambio. 54: 20-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02062-z

Dudayev R, Hakim LL, Rufiati I. 2023. Participatory fisheries governance in Indonesia: Are octopus fisheries leading the way? Mar Policy. 147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105338

Espinoza‐Tenorio A, Ehuan-Noh RG, Cuevas-Gómez GA, Narchi NE, Ramos-Muñoz DE, Fernández-Rivera Melo FJ, Saldívar-Moreno A, Zepeda-Domínguez JA, Pérez-Jiménez JC, Oliveto-Andrade A, et al. 2021. Between uncertainty and hope: young leaders as agents of change in sustainable small-scale fisheries. Am-bio. 51 (5): 1287-1301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01639-2

[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2015. Voluntary guidelines for securing sus-tainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication. Rome: FAO. 35 p.

Farquhar S, Nirindrainy AF, Heck N, Saldarriaga MG, Xu Y. 2022. The impacts of long-term changes in weath-er on small-scale fishers’ available fishing hours in Nosy Barren, Madagascar. Front Mar Sci. 9: 841048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.841048

Furqan R, Schlüter A. 2023. Drawing on the project initiators’ perspectives to evaluate TURF implementation in the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park: an online Q methodology study. Front Mar Sci. 10: 1229096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1229096

Galappaththi MP, Ford JD, Bennett EM, Berkes F. 2021. Adapting to climate change in small-scale fisheries: insights from indigenous communities in the global north and south. Environ Sci Policy. 116: 160-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.11.009

González-Roca F, Pérez-Ruzafa Á, Vásquez JA, Gelcich S. 2023. Artisanal fishers’ perceptions of two co-existing kelp resource management regimes in northern Chile. Mar Policy. 153: 105610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105610

Gray T, Korda R, Stead SM. 2023. Democracy and human rights in the management of small-scale fisheries in England. Sustainability. 15 (4): 2956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042956

Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE. 2019. Multivariate data analysis. 8th ed. Cengage. 834 p. https://eli.johogo.com/Class/CCU/SEM/_Multivariate%20Data%20Analysis_Hair.pdf.

House J, Kleiber D, Steenbergen DJ, Stacey N. 2023. Participatory monitoring in community-based fisheries management through a gender lens. Ambio. 52 (2): 300-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01783-3

Jara HJ, Tam J, Reguero BG, Ganoza F, Castillo G, Romero CY, Gévaudan M, Sánchez AA. 2020. Current and future socio-ecological vulnerability and adaptation of artisanal fisheries communities in Peru, the case of the Huaura province. Mar Policy. 119: 104003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104003

Jentoft S, Chuenpagdee R. 2022. Interactive learning and governance transformation for securing blue justice for small-scale fisheries. Admin Soc. 54 (7): 1255-1282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211073947

Jolliffe IT. 2002. Principal component analysis. 2nd ed. Springer.

Kaiser HF. 1960. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ Psychol Meas. 20 (1): 141-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116

Kerlinger FN, Lee HB, Pineda Ayala LE. 2002. Behavioral research: research methods in the social sciences. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.

Kinyua DN, Kadagi NI, Ater S, Osore M, Wamukota A. 2022. Perceptions toward governance of billfish re-source use: the lens of artisanal fishers in Kenya. Front Mar Sci. 9: 1032594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.1032594

Kuyini Mohammed A. 2023. An evaluation of the quality of democracy in Ghana. Democr Secur. 19 (4): 347-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2023.2220140

Lindahl T, Jarungrattanapong R. 2023. Avoiding catastrophic collapse in small-scale fisheries through ineffi-cient cooperation: evidence from a framed field experiment. Environ Dev Econ. 28 (2): 111-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X22000171

Ostrom E. 2010. Beyond markets and states: Polycentric governance of complex economic systems. Am Econ Rev. 100 (3): 641-672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.3.641

Ouréns R, Melnychuk MC, Crowder LB, Gutiérrez NL, Hilborn R, Pita C, Defeo O. 2022. Linking small-scale fisheries performance to governance attributes: a quantitative assessment from stakeholders’ perceptions in the Americas and Europe. Mar Policy. 136: 104876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104876

Q Method Software. 2025. Q Method Software [software]. https://qmethodsoftware.com/.

Rice ED, Gondwe E, Bennett AE, Okanga PA, Osho-Abdulgafar NF, Fakoya K, Oloko A, Harper S, Kawaye PC, Chuku EO, et al. 2024. The future of gender research in small-scale fisheries: priorities and pathways for advancing gender equity. Fish Fish. 25 (3): 401-408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12814

Said A, Chuenpagdee R. 2019. Aligning the sustainable development goals with the small-scale fisheries guide-lines: a case for EU fisheries governance. Mar Policy. 107: 103599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103599

Svolkinas L, Holmes G, Dmitrieva L, Ermolin I, Suvorkov P, Goodman SJ. 2023. Stakeholder consensus suggests strategies to promote sustainability in an artisanal fishery with high rates of poaching and marine mammal bycatch. People Nat. 5: 1187-1206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10490

Torre-Castro M. 2019. Inclusive management through gender consideration in small-scale fisheries: the why and the how. Front Mar Sci. 6: 156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019. 00156

Vargas-López A, Basurto X, Cisneros-Mata MA, Moreno-Báez M. 2023. Co-management of a high-value spe-cies with territorial use rights for fisheries: a spatial bioeconomic approach with environmental variability. Sci Mar. 87 (2): 199-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05335.071

Virgili M, Petetta A, Barone G, Li Veli D, Bargione G, Lucchetti A. 2024. Engaging fishers in sea turtle conser-vation in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Policy. 160: 105981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105981

Watts S, Stenner P. 2012. Doing Q methodological research: theory, method and interpretation. Sage Publica-tions Ltd.

Zabala A, Pascual U. 2016. Bootstrapping Q methodology to improve the understanding of human perspec-tives. PLoS ONE. 11 (2): e0148087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148087

Zabala A, Sandbrook C, Mukherjee N. 2018. When and how to use Q methodology to understand perspectives in conservation research. Conserv Biol. 32 (5): 1185-1194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13123

Publicado

06-08-2026

Número

Sección

Documentos de Investigación Originales

Cómo citar

Salazar, C. M., Macalupú, J. M., & Morales, V. J. (2026). Del control centralizado a la cogestión participativa: cómo el pluralismo institucional moldea las percepciones de las partes interesadas sobre la transición de la gobernanza. Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS), 39(4). https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.39420260011002