Factores ambientales determinantes de las reservas de carbono y la biomasa de pastos marinos en un ecosistema indonesio amenazado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3922026010407Palabras clave:
Carbono azul, ecosistema costero, monitoreo ambiental, ecología de pastos marinos, impacto del turismoResumen
Las praderas de pastos marinos desempeñan un papel crucial en el secuestro de carbono azul costero, sin embargo, están cada vez más amenazadas por actividades antropogénicas, especialmente en islas con un turismo intensivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la biomasa y el stock de carbono de los pastos marinos, y evaluar la influencia de parámetros ambientales sobre estos indicadores ecológicos en la Isla Tabuhan, Banyuwangi, Java Oriental. La investigación de campo se llevó a cabo entre agosto y septiembre de 2023 en dos estaciones (Norte y Este). La recolección de datos incluyó transectas con cuadrantes de 50 × 50 cm para el muestreo de pastos marinos, mediciones in situ de parámetros ambientales (temperatura, salinidad, pH, oxígeno disuelto, transparencia, corriente y sustrato), y análisis de laboratorio de la biomasa y el contenido de carbono orgánico mediante el método de Pérdida por Ignición. Se identificaron cuatro especies de pastos marinos: Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides y Thalassia hemprichii. El ecosistema de pastos marinos se encontró en mal estado, con una cobertura muy baja (0.46% y 0.45%) y una densidad baja (< 0.02 brotes m-2). La biomasa total promedio fue de 0.017 g PS m-2, dominando la biomasa subterránea. El stock de carbono estimado fue de 0.0035 g C m-2, almacenada principalmente en los tejidos subterráneos. La salinidad y el pH fueron los principales factores ambientales que diferenciaron las dos estaciones y mostraron una fuerte asociación con los valores de biomasa y stocks de carbono de los pastos marinos. A pesar de su estado degradado, la pradera de pastos marinos de la Isla Tabuhan conserva un reservorio de carbono almacenado principalmente en los tejidos subterráneos. Este estudio subraya la necesidad urgente de estrategias integradas de gestión costera y conservación para proteger y restaurar estos ecosistemas vulnerables, particularmente en destinos turísticos en desarrollo, a fin de mantener las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a las Personas (CNP), incluida la mitigación del cambio climático.
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