545
Marine and
Fishery Sciences
MAFIS
*
From centralized control to participatory co-management: how institutional
pluralism shapes stakeholders’ perceptions of the governance transition
Carlos M. Salazar
Joe M. Macalupú Víctor J. Morales
ABSTRACT.
Merluccius gayi peruanus
Key words:
Del control centralizado a la cogestión participativa: cómo el pluralismo institucional moldea
las percepciones de las partes interesadas sobre la transición de la gobernanza
RESUMEN.
Merluccius gayi peruanus
bootstrap
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
:
Palabras clave:
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Base study model
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Central core: systemic purpose
First level: structural dimensions of the socioeco-
logical system (SES)
Second level: operational implementation mech-
anisms
Methodological approach and research design
Q Methodology as the analytical framework of the
study
Construction of the concourse
Selection and validation of the Q-set
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Participant selection (P-set)
=
Presentation and familiarization with the IMPG-
SSF model
Q-sort administration procedure
Complementary instruments and sociodemograph-
ic data
t
Data analysis strategy analysis and methodolog-
ical rigor
±<
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Characterization of the participants
Least representative Neutral Most representative
-5 -4 -3 -2 1012345
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
>
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Structuring the perspectives of shing stake-
holders using the Q methodology
Eigenvalues
>
.
Individual and cumulative variance
Factor characteristics
=
= =
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
Factor
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Eigenvalues
24.1
8.9
5.71
4.38 3.52 3.06 2.72 2.31 1.96 1.71 1.64 1.37 1.26 1.24 1.11
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
554
Factor stability via bootstrap
Factor map
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
Factor
Percentage of variance explained
100
75
50
25
0
33.5%
45.8%
53.8%
59.8%
64.7%
72.7% 75.9% 78.7% 81% 83.3% 85.2% 87%
69%
88.7% 90.2%
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries 555
Standardized Z-scores by factor
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
=
PC 1(24%)
PC 2(17%)
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
1.00.50.0-0.5-1.0
Factor 1
Factor 2
Factor 3
AC100
AC101
AC102
AC107
AC94
AC97
AC98
AC99
MA59
MA61
MA63
MA67
MA68
OR71 MA37
MA38 MA45 MA47
MA57 ÑU13
ÑU29
ÑU3
ÑU32
ÑU92
OR70
OR73 OR74
OR76
OR77
OR78
OR80
OR81
OR84 OR85
OR86
OR89
MA35
MA42
MA48
MA50
ÑU1
ÑU18
ÑU2
ÑU21
ÑU23
ÑU24
ÑU25
ÑU26
ÑU27
ÑU28
ÑU33
ÑU4
ÑU7
ÑU8
ÑU9
ÑU90
ÑU15
OR82
ÑU11
ÑU12
ÑU16
ÑU17
ÑU91
ÑU14 ÑU6
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
=
==
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Dierences in standardized Z-scores by factor
(consensus and distinctive statements)
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
D22
D23
D24
D25
D26
D27
D28
D29
D30
Statements
Z-score
2
1
0
-1
0.72
-0.25
0.67
-0.21
-0.35
0.59
-0.21
-0.42
1.17
-0.18
0.54
-0.70
-0.56
-0.72
0.62
-0.96
0.82
-0.96
0.99
-1.10
-0.87
-1.53
1.35
1.15
2.11
-1.49
1.75
-1.77
-0.16
-0.03
ZSC-F1 ZSC-F2
Z-score by factor
1.48
-1.12
1.69
-0.43
-0.80
-0.80
-0.20
0.39
1.84
0.18
1.13
-0.41
0.20
-0.41
-0.11
-1.10
0.83
-1.04
0.45
-0.47
-0.61
-1.38
0.66
-1.00
1.72
-1.37
-0.26
-1.24
1.09
1.10
ZSC-F3
0.84
2.17
0.28
1.60
0.10
1.38
-0.90
0.44
-0.10
0.99
0.55
0.68
-0.74
0.92
-0.45
0.37
0.34
-0.60
-1.82
-1.31
-1.42
-1.40
-0.25
0.06
-0.50
-0.03
0.79
-0.65
-1.85
0.54
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Interpretative congurations of the factors
around the IMPG-SSF
Factor 1: co-management as a socio-ecological
opportunity and a means of community strength-
ening
Factor 2: co-management as a possibility condi-
tioned by capacities, clarity, and institutional sup-
port
Factor 3: co-management as a risk of institutional
misalignment and loss of legitimacy
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Author contributions
As
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
562
et
al. 2023.
02_10
et al.
2024.
2023.
et al. 2021.
2022.
.
2023.
2023.105610
2023.
2020.
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Q-Method survey used for the study
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Less representative
Neutral
Most representative
-5 -4 -3 -2 1012345
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Supplementary sociodemographic survey con-
ducted for the study
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Identication and coding of participants (p-set) by shing villages
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Descriptive characterization of participants
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
Comparison of standard and bootstrap results for Q-sort factor loadings (F: factor)
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 545-571 (2026)
Salazar et al.: Governance transition in small-scale fisheries
