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๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏އ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏พ๏އ๏ผ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜š๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜’๎™๎™„๎šฟ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ
Marine and
Fishery Sciences
MAFIS
*๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‰๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™…๎™•
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™
๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™„๎™•
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’
๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ค๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ
๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ช๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜ƒ
Amphipoda (Crustacea, Peracarida) associated with the octocoral
Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in estuarine and reef environments of
northeastern Brazil
๎˜ถ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žœ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏บ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ކ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏พ๏އ๏Ž๏Žˆ2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏Žญ๏އ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž€๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ކ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜
๎˜”๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™น๎™–๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™ฏ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ2๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ญ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ป๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒStella M. F. de Pรกdua๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
Liliana do Carmo Nascimento๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒJesser F. Souza-Filho๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
Mรดnica L. Botter-Carvalho๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒPaula Braga Gomes๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
Carlos D. Perez๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ
ABSTRACT. Carijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
C. riisei ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒEricthonius brasiliensis ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLaticorophium
baconi ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒPodocerus brasiliensis ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒMonocorophium acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒDuli-
chiella ankeri ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒL. baconi๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒM. acherusicum ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Key words: ๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘
Anfรญpodos (Crustacea, Peracarida) asociados al octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)
en ambientes estuarinos y arrecifales del Nordeste de Brasil
RESUMEN.๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒC. riisei ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜–๎˜“
๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎›€๎™˜๎™›๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™„๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ผ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™’๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™Ž๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™‹๎™๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Carijoa riisei๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎›€๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ด๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ญ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜๎˜ƒC.
riisei๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒEricthonius brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLaticorophium baconi ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒPodocerus brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒMonocorophium
acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒDulichiella ankeri๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒL. baconi๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒM. acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒC. riisei.
Palabras clave:๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒbeach-rocks๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜”
๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™•๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜ซ๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ถ
Study area
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜“๎˜—๎žŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜“๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜“๎žŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎žŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜œ๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜“๎žŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ซ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎›ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™ฐ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ซ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Sampling design
๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
C. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
ร—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜น๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜–๎˜•
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎˜
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜–
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Sample processing
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ C. riisei๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒยต๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ป๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎˜ฉ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š“๎˜ƒ
๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Statistical analysis
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ฮ”+๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฟ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šฟ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒฮ”+๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜
๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒฮฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜–๎˜—
๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ธ๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ถ
Species composition and density
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Ericthonius brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLaticorophium
baconi๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒPodocerus brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Monocorophium acherusicum๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ Du-
lichiella ankeri๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Ericthonius brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒLaticorophium baconi๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒMonocorophium acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒAmpithoe ramon-
di๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒCymadusa ๎šฟlosa๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒA. ramondi๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
Ecological descriptors
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Amphipod assemblage structure
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒLaticorophium baconi๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒMonocorophium acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜
๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜˜
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Ampithoe ramondi ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜™ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›
Pleonexes divisura๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜
Cymadusa ๎šฟlosa ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜™ ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Grandidierella๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜š
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Colomastix๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Laticorophium baconi ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜š
Monocorophium acherusicum ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜š
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Apohyale media ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Ericthonius brasiliensis ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›
Ischyrocerus๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Leucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”
Leucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜—
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Elasmopus๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ
Elasmopus souza๎šฟlhoi ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜” ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜–
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Dulichiella ankeri๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜”
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Gammaropsis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”
Latigammaropsis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•
Photis ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Podocerus brasiliensis ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜•
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
Stenothoe ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜•
Stenothoe valida ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜– ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜š
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜–๎˜™
๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Carijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™“๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒC.
riisei๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ฮ”+๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™•๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
PGd
PGr
RFd
RFr
10
8
6
4
2
0
N
Local/Period
PGd
PGr
RFd
RFr
12
10
8
6
4
2
S
Local/Period
PGd
PGr
RFd
RFr
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
Jโ€™
Local/Period
PGd
PGr
RFd
RFr
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Hโ€™(loge)
Local/Period
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
Delta+
PGd
PGr
RFd
RFr
Local/Period
AB
C
E
D
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜š
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ฮ”+๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
A
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ณ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0004
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜™๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0004
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜–
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ 0.0004 ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜›๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ 0.019
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ 0.0007 ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0051
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ 0.028 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ 0.0011
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0006
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ 0.0005 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
ฮ”+๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0023 ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜•
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ฌ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜บ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜™๎˜—
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜—๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜›๎˜š๎˜–
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ญ๎šถ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜–
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜š๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0021
๎˜ซ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ 0.0292
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜–
ฮ”+๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜น๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ณ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜Œ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜–๎˜•
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ 0.0001
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ 0.0001 ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜œ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™œ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
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2D Stress: 0.12
40
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RF
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๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒP๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜—๎˜“
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎˜
๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘ ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ˆ
Laticorophium baconi ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜
Monocorophium acherusicum ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“
Erichthonius brasiliensis ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”
Podocerus brasiliensis ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜›
Stenothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜š
Dulichiella ankeri ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘ ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ˆ
Laticorophium baconi ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜œ
Monocorophium acherusicum ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ
Erichthonius brasiliensis ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜
Dulichiella ankeri ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–
Leucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—
Photis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜–
Ampithoe ramondi ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜”
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜
๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜
๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒLaticorophium baconi๎˜๎˜ƒMonocorophium
acherusicum๎˜๎˜ƒGrandidierella๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒColomastix๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Leucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒLeucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒGammaropsis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Photis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒStenothoe valida๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒL. baconi๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒM.
acherusicum๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ถ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜
๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒLeucothoe๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜
๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™—๎˜
๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒGrandidierella ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ Co-
lomastix ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
Ericthonius brasiliensis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒGrandidierella
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™•๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ช๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ˆ
Monocorophium acherusicum ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—
Laticorophium baconi ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™
Erichthonius brasiliensis ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜˜
Podocerus brasiliensis ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜—๎˜•
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Ž๎™„๎™๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Ž๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒColomastix ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒColomastix ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
C. riisei ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
Ampithoe ramondi๎˜๎˜ƒIschyrocerus ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒLatigam-
aropsis ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
Ampithoe ramondi ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎˜
๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒSargassum ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒPodocerus bra-
siliensis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜
๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒEricthonius brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™Š๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒE. brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒSargassum๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒEricthonius brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒE. brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒE. brasiliensis๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
Apohyale media๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜–
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒA. media๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ Hyale
nigra๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒA. media๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™‡๎™œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
C. riisei๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒC. riisei๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜บ๎˜ฏ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜ช๎˜จ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜ถ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ธ๎˜ฉ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Funding
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎™ฏ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ด๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎˜
๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ณ๎™”๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ด๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜ด๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š๎˜š๎˜™๎˜š๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™ฏ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ฒ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ณ๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘
Con๎›€icts of interest
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
Author contributions
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ป๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™—๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฉ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏Ž‚๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏ฝ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏Ž‚๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜’๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๏บ๏Ž’๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜
๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žฏ๏ކ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Žฏ๏Ž‹๏އ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏ฟ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏ฟ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏އ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏އ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‚๏އ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๏ŽŽ๏ށ๏Ž…๎˜๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‚๏ސ๏บ๏Ž…๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎™‚๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ช๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏އ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Leuco-
thoe spinicarpa๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™Š๎™„๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Phallusia nigra๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏Žœ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏พ๏އ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๏Ž“๏ผ๏บ๎˜๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๎˜
๏އ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏บ๏Ž๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๏ฝ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๎˜
๏Žˆ๏އ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏พ๎˜ƒ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ŽŽ๏บ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜’๎™„๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž„๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ސ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž…๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜š๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”
๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏އ๏ผ๏พ๏މ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๏บ๏ށ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏މ๏พ๏บ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏บ๏އ๏Ž„๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏އ๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒCari-
joa๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ซ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž€๏Žค๏އ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ކ๏ป๏Ž‚๏พ๏އ๏Ž๏พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ฒ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ด๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ซ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž€๏Žค๏އ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ކ๏ป๏Ž‚๏พ๏އ๏Ž๏พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜•๎˜‘
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜˜
๎™†๎™“๎™•๎™‹๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎˜‘๎™…๎™•๎˜’๎™˜๎™†๎˜’๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ช๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎˜
๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž’๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž„๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜‘
๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žœ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ކ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž’๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏ผ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ށ๏บ๏އ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๏บ๏ކ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏ށ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜
๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎˜ช๎˜ฐ๎˜ฑ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ.๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜ง๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ކ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏บ๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏พ๏Ž‹๏މ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜
๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Žƒ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎™‚๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏บ๏ކ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ށ๏Ž‹๏ށ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™๎™–๎˜’
๎™‰๎™–๎™–๎˜”๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏Ž„๏บ๏Žˆ๏Ž„๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๎˜
๏ป๏Ž‚๏އ๏ŽŒ๏Ž„๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏บ๏ކ๏ป๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜
๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎™‚๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏Žœ๏އ๎˜๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žง๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ญ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎›€๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏Žœ๏އ๎˜๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ซ๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๎˜
๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ฝ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏ฝ๏บ๎˜๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๏บ๏އ๏ผ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏Žง๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ญ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa rii-
sei๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏บ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‘๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‘๎˜
๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ป๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ซ๎˜ผ๎˜ง๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜›๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ށ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž๏บ๏ผ๏พ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™“๎˜๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž“๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏ކ๏މ๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏ผ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‚๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™Ž๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๏บ๏ผ๏Žˆ๏ป๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏ผ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒSargassum ๎šฟlipendu-
la๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): 629-647 (2026)
๎˜™๎˜—๎˜™
๎˜ธ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๏Žˆ๏އ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏บ๏ސ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ށ๏บ๏ผ๏ށ๏บ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎˜
๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๏บ๏އ๏ށ๏บ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏ŽŽ๏ކ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜–๎˜’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜’๎™™๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž…๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎›€๎™˜๎™›๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™€๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ž๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏พ๏އ๏Ž„๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏ށ๏Žˆ๏ކ๏บ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏พ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜ฐ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏އ๏ฝ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏Ž๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ކ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜
๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜’๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฎ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ކ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๎˜
๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ކ๏ป๏Ž‚๏พ๏އ๏Ž๏พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜
๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ญ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๎˜๎˜ท๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ކ๏ŽŽ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏Ž๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๏ฝ๏บ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Carijoa riisei๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜’๎™•๎™„๎™’๎™“๎˜‘
๎™™๎˜—๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž๏บ๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’๎™‡๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜š
๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๏Žˆ๏އ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž„๏พ๏އ๏ป๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏ށ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏บ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏ސ๏บ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž๎˜
๏Ž๏Žˆ๏พ๏ผ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏Ž’๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏ผ๎˜ช๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž๏ށ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒEricthonius๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜’
๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ป
๎˜ฑ๏บ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž’๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏พ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏บ๏އ๎˜
๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๏ŽŽ๏Ž’๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏ผ๏Žˆ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏މ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๏พ๏Ž๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ญ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜™๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ช๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ป๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏ކ๏พ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜
de Pรกdua et al.: Amphipods Associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜š
๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒMycale microsigmatosa
๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜
๎˜š๎˜š๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏Žœ๏އ๏ผ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™“๎˜
๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Žƒ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎™‚๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏ށ๏บ๏އ๏Ž„๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Ž‹๏บ๏އ๏Ž๏ށ๏บ๏ކ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ต๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏พ๏Ž๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜
๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ซ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž€๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๏Žฌ๏މ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜
๏Ž“๏Žœ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž„๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏ށ๏Žˆ๏ކ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏พ๏พ๏ฝ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎›€๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCarijoa riisei๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎™˜๎™•๎™๎˜‘๎™™๎˜”๎˜—๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏บ๏ށ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž„๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž€๏Ž„๏บ๏ކ๏ށ๏บ๏พ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏ކ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž€๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Žƒ๏ސ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž’๏บ๏އ๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ށ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Grandi-
dierella gilesi๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™’๎˜
๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™Ž๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜’๎˜ฅ๎˜ง๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž€๏Ž„๏บ๏ކ๏ށ๏บ๏พ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏ށ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏މ๏ŽŽ๏އ๏Ž๏ށ๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž“๏ކ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘ Grandidierella halophilus๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™„๏ท๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ฝ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜
๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎™š๎˜ƒ