1
ξ˜°οΊοŽ‹οŽ‚οŽ‡οΎξ˜ƒοΊοŽ‡ο½ξ˜ƒξ˜©οŽ‚οŽŒοŽοΎοŽ‹οŽ’ξ˜ƒξ˜ΆοΌοŽ‚οΎοŽ‡οΌοΎοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒοŽ‘οŽ‘οŽ‘ξ˜οŽ‘οŽ‘οŽ‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜–ξ˜’ξ™ξ™„ξšΏξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜œξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜
Marine and
Fishery Sciences
MAFIS
*ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜£ξ™œξ™„ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™„ξ™•
ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜™
ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜™
ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜Άξ˜±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜›ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜Œ
ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜Άξ˜±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜›ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜šξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜Œ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™’ξ™ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ˜‘ξ™„ξ™•
ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜­ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’
ξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜¨ξ˜³ξ˜Œ
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™’ξ™•ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™—ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜
ξ˜±ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜Άξ™‹ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜€ξ™ξ™Œξ™Žξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆ
ξ˜ͺξ˜¬ξ˜±ξ˜€ξ˜―ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ˜¨ξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜€ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜«ξ˜ƒ
Eects of stocking density on the growth, meat yield, and survival of cultured
Mytilus platensis in San Jorge gulf
ξ˜·οŽˆοŽ†οŽœοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬οŽŒοŽˆοŽ…οΊξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οŽ‹οΊοŽ‡οΌοŽ‚οŽŒοΌοŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅οŽˆοŽ“οŽ“οŽ‚ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οΊοŽ‹ο½οŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°οΊοŽ‹οŽŠοŽŽοΎοŽŒξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜°οΊοŽ‡οŽŽοΎοŽ…ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺοΊοŽ‹οΌοŽ§οΊξ˜ξ˜ΈοŽ…οŽ…οŽˆοΊξ˜˜ξ˜ƒ
1ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™ξ™‰ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜¨ξ˜³ξ˜Όξ˜Άξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™΄ξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜±ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜¨ξ˜·ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Έξ˜±ξ˜³ξ˜Άξ˜­ξ˜₯ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξšžξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜¦ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Έξ˜±ξ˜³ξ˜Άξ˜­ξ˜₯ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξšžξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜΅ξ˜―ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™©ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Έξ˜±ξ˜³ξ˜Άξ˜­ξ˜₯ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξšžξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™°ξ™›ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜²ξ˜΅ξ˜¦ξ˜¬ξ˜§ξ˜ƒFrancisco J. Rozziξ˜ƒ ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜™ξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜–ξ˜»ξ˜ξ˜ƒBernardo G. Marquesξ˜ƒ ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜›ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
Manuel GarcΓ­a-Ulloaξ˜ƒ ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™’ξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜›ξ˜›ξ˜œξ˜”
ABSTRACT. ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™—ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜‘
Key words: ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξšΏξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘
Efectos de la densidad de siembra en el crecimiento, el rendimiento cΓ‘rnico y la supervivencia
de Mytilus platensis cultivado en el Golfo de San Jorge
RESUMEN.ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Έξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™΄ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Ήξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒ ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™ξ™‰ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™†ξ™°ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™—ξ™ξ™©ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ˜‘
Palabras claves: ξ˜€ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): xxx-xxx (2026)
ξ˜•

ξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‰ξ˜
ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ˜€ξ˜²ξšΆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™“ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ˜
ξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™‡ξ™šξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜±ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™‘ξ™’ξ™šξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜―ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ˜
ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™œξ™†ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜₯ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™Œξ™Έξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™Œξ™™ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™“ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™šξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜±ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‰ξ˜
ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒMytilus platensis ξ˜‹ξ˜½ξ™„ξ™Œξ™›ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™œξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜«ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™„ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ˜
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™’ξ™•ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜°ξ˜€ξ˜·ξ˜¨ξ˜΅ξ˜¬ξ˜€ξ˜―ξ˜Άξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜§ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜¨ξ˜·ξ˜«ξ˜²ξ˜§ξ˜Ά
Study site and experimental design
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξšƒξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜œξžξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜–ξžŽξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜šξšƒξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜–ξžξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξžŽξ˜ƒξ˜Ίξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜ξ™ξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜½ξ™„ξ™Œξ™›ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™—ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜ξ™†ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
Isola et al. Effect of stocking density on cultured Mytilus platensis ξ˜–
ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™œξ™†ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜‘
Data recording and statistical analysis
ξ˜¨ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™Œξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Άξ˜Άξ˜·ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™ξ™ξ˜aξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜±ξ˜€ξ˜Άξ˜€ξšΆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜°ξ˜²ξ˜§ξ˜¬ξ˜Άξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜ξ™Žξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ˜
ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ξ™“ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ˜·ξ˜°ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜°ξ˜ͺξ˜―ξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜¦ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜²ξ˜«ξ˜€ξ˜Έξ˜Άξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜Άξ˜―ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜§ξ˜Ίξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™šξ™’ξ˜ξ™šξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™›ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ˜ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ›’ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™©ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜
ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜΄ξ˜Άξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ŒξšΏξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™…ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™šξ™’ξ˜ξ™šξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ˜‹Ξ±ξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™›ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ›’ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™©ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™Œξ™•ξ™šξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™šξ™’ξ˜
ξ™šξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™˜ξ™Žξ™ˆξ™œξšΆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜«ξ˜Άξ˜§ξ˜ƒpost-hocξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™†ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜
ξ™„ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜
ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜‘
-68 WΒ°
San Jorge
Gulf
Study location
050
100 km
-66 WΒ°
-45
SΒ°
-46
SΒ°
-47
SΒ°
N
Malvinas
Southwestern
Atlantic Ocean
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): xxx-xxx (2026)
ξ˜—

Environmental variables
ξ˜§ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ˜Άξ˜·ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™•ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒ ξšƒξ˜¦ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξšƒξ˜¦ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™ˆξ™…ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™ξ™ξ˜aξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘
Growth analysis
ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹>ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜€ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜°ξ˜ͺξ˜―ξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™›ξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ Γ—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜Ύξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜—ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜Άξ˜―ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜Ύξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜šξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™›ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ˜
ξšΏξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒΓ—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Ύξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™›ξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ŽξšΆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™›ξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜§ξ˜Ίξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™—ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒΞ±ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™—ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒΞ±ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜‘
Survival analysis
ξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ˜
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™šξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™ξ™ξ˜aξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ™‹ξ™ξ˜ƒaξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜‘
20
15
10
5
0
Sep-2018
Oct-2018
Nov-2018
Dec-2018
Jan-2019
Feb-2019
Mar-2019
Date
Chl (mg m ) - Temperture (Β°C)a
-3
May-2019
Apr-2019 Jun-2019
Chl aTemperature
Isola et al. Effect of stocking density on cultured Mytilus platensis 
ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™…ξ™Œξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ˜
ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ›€ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜΄ξ˜Άξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Ύξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
=ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ˜ƒ <ξ˜ƒ ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ™€ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™“ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™…ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™†ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ›’ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™©ξ™Žξ˜ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™Œξ™•ξ™šξ™Œξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜Άξ˜―ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜°ξ˜ͺξ˜―ξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜§ξ˜Ίξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™„ξ™ξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ˜Άξ˜―ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺξ˜―ξ˜΅ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ˜§ξ˜Ίξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ƒ 
ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™Šξ˜Œ
ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜šξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜œξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜™ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜•ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜—ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜šξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜œ
ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜–ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜•
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜›ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜œξ˜•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜šξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜›ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜›
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜š
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
09
6
Growth time (months)
3
Length (mm)
300 mussels m-1
450 mussels m-1
600 mussels m-1
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™“ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜‘
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): xxx-xxx (2026)
ξ˜™
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™—ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
=ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ο‹Šξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒΞ±ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ™—ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ο‹Šξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒΞ±ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™•ξ™’ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™…ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™ˆξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜§ξ˜₯ξ˜Ίξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™“ξ˜ƒβ‰€ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜‘
300 mussels m-1
450 mussels m-1
600 mussels m-1
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
00369
Growth time (months)
Counted mussels
300 mussels m-1
-1
-1
450 mussels m
600 mussels m
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
369
Growth time (months)
Dry biomass weight (g)
Isola et al. Effect of stocking density on cultured Mytilus platensis 
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜ƒ<ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ=ξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜šξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜ƒ<ξ˜ƒξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™˜ξ™Žξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜Άξ˜§ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜™ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘

ξ˜°ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ξ™’ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ˆξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™œξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜
ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™–ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™™ξ™Œξ™•ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™ξ™ξ˜aξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™šξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ˜
ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™‡ξ™’ξ™šξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ŒξšΏξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Žξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ˜
ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™•ξ™Œξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™Œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™ˆξ™šξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜²ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™œξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™’ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ξ˜₯ξ™•ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™Œξ™Έξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜žξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜«ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜—ξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‰ξ˜
ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™ˆξ™œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™“ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™“ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™œξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™’ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ο΅ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜‘
ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜°ξ˜΄ξ˜Άξ˜΅ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ͺξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ˜¨ξ˜ƒ 
ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜ˆξ˜Œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜ˆξ˜Œ
ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξš“ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξš“ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜›ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜—
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜œξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜œξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜™
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜›ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜•
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜—ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜š
ξ˜œξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜•ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜•ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜›ξ˜›
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜œξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜—ξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜˜ξ˜“
ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜”ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒΒ±ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜›ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜›
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): xxx-xxx (2026)
ξ˜›
ξ˜²ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξšΆξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜―ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™•ξ™„ξ™Œξ™™ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™•ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ˜½ξ™„ξ™Œξ™›ξ™–ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™Œξ™ξ˜
ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™˜ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™ξ™„ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξšΏξ™•ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™›ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‰ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‘ξ™ŒξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™’ξ™šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξšΏξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™Šξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™„ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™›ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™…ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™•ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™™ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™“ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™…ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™Šξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œο΅ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™Šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™Šξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜
ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™œξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™Žξ™ˆξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™œξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™˜ξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™šξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™…ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ™Šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜½ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
Funding
ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™’ξ™•ξ™Žξ˜ƒξ™šξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™“ξ™’ξ™•ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™΄ξšΏξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™°ξ™†ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ˜²ξ˜±ξ˜¬ξ˜¦ξ˜¨ξ˜·ξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜Έξ˜±ξ˜³ξ˜Άξ˜­ξ˜₯ξ˜Œξ˜‘
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™Šξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™ξ™’ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™„ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒMytilus platensisξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™•ξ™•ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜œξ˜˜ξ˜ˆξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξšΏξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜±ξ˜²ξ˜Ήξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™–ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0369
Growth time (months)
% Relative survival
300 mussels m-1
450 mussels m-1
600 mussels m-1
+
+
Isola et al. Effect of stocking density on cultured Mytilus platensis 
Author contributions
ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™ξ™©ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™–ξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™†ξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Œξ™Šξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™šξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξ˜
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™†ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™Šξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜žξ˜ƒξ™šξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜Έξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™•ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜‘

ξ˜€οŽ…οŽŽοŽ‡οŽ‡οŽˆξ˜ξ˜₯οŽ‹οŽŽοŽŒοΌοŽ‚οΊξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³οΎοŽοŽ‹οΊοŽ‚οŽοŽ‚οŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜Άξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οŽˆοŽŽοŽ‹οŽ€οΎοŽξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒMytilus edulisξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™Œξ™Žξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜‘
ξ˜₯οΊοŽ’οŽ‡οΎξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯ξ˜―ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜šξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™Œξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™Œξ˜
ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜‘
ξ˜¦οŽŽο»οŽ‚οŽ…οŽ…οŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³οΎοŽοΎοŽ‚οŽ‹οŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ˜ͺξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οŽœοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽ“ξ˜ξ˜΅οΎοŽ‚οŽ‹οŽ‚οŽ“ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―οΊο»οΊοŽ‹οŽοΊξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹Mytilus galloprovincial-
isξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜’ξ˜–ξ˜—ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽ‚οŽ…οŽ€οŽŽοΎοŽ‚οŽ‹οΊξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦οŽˆοŽ†οΎοΊοŽŽξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ˜€ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ͺοŽŽοŽ’οŽˆοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜°ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ™œξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™šξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξšΏξ™‘ξ™Œξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™‹ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜²ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™†ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™‡ξ™™ξ™Œξ™–ξ™’ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜¦ξ˜Άξ˜€ξ˜Άξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™†ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜§ξ™’ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜’ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οΊοΌοŽοΎοŽ‹ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™‡ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™“ξ™—ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Žξ™ˆξ™“ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Žξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™›ξ™“ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οΎοΏοΊοŽ‚οŽοŽ‹οΎξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™Œξ™–ξ™†ξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™…ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™šξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™’ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜²ξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜˜ξ˜—ξ˜’ξ™ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™–ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οΎοŽ‹οŽ€οΎοŽ‹οŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺοΊοŽ€οŽ‡οŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜™ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™†ξ™Žξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜œξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜ΊοŽ‚οŽ…οŽŒοŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜­ξ˜΅ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯οŽ‚οŽ…οŽˆο½οΎοΊοŽŽξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―οΊοΌοŽοΊοŽ‡οΌοΎξ˜ξ˜₯οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οΊοŽ‹ο½ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™œξ˜
ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™•ξ™’ξšΏξ™—ξ™„ξ™…ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™“ξ™°ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™„ξ™œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜²ξ˜°ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ™„ξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜°ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽ‹οŽ£οΌοŽοΎοŽοŽοΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ΊοŽ‚οŽ…οŽŒοŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ƒ ξ˜­ξ˜΅ξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜₯οŽ‚οŽ…οŽˆο½οΎοΊοŽŽξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οŽŽοΎοŽ‡οŽξ˜
οΎοŽŒξ˜ξ˜ΆοΊοŽ‡οŽοŽˆοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦οŽŽο»οŽ‚οŽ…οŽ…οŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οŽœοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽ“ξ˜ƒξ˜΅οŽ‚οΎοŽ‹οŽ‚οŽ“ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜­ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οΊο»οΊοŽ‹οŽοΊξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™Œξ˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜™ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜‘
ξ˜©οŽŽοΎοŽ‡οŽοΎοŽŒξ˜ξ˜ΆοΊοŽ‡οŽοŽˆοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦οŽŽο»οŽ‚οŽ…οŽ…οŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οŽœοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽ“ξ˜ξ˜΅οΎξ˜
οŽ‚οŽ‹οŽ‚οŽ“ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οΊο»οΊοŽ‹οŽοΊξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™œξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ξ™—ξ™‹ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‰ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™šξ™Œξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™•ξ™Œξ™…ξ™˜ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜²ξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜’ξ™•ξ™„ξ™”ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜–ξ˜•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ͺοŽˆοŽŒοŽ…οŽ‚οŽ‡οŽ€ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™—ξ™’ξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒMytilusξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™ξ˜
ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™’ξ™Šξ™œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ˜
ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ˜ƒξ˜©ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™†ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™ξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜›ξ˜œξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜‘
ξ˜ͺοŽ‹οΊοŽ‡οŽξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οΊοΌοŽοΎοŽ‹ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦οŽ‹οΊοŽ‡οΏοŽˆοŽ‹ο½ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺοŽŽοŽ’οŽˆοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦οΊοŽ‹οŽ‹οΎοΊοŽŽξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™“ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™„ξ™ξ™ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™Œξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™œξ™–ξ˜
ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™œξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜šξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ˜²ξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜’ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™ξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™–ξ™œξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜šξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ͺοŽŽοŽ‚οŽͺοΎοŽ“ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜―ξ™„ξ™œξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™•ξ™œξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜²ξ™Œξ™Žξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜™ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜“ξ˜‘
ξ˜¬οŽ‹οŽ‚οŽŒοΊοŽ‹οŽ‹οŽ‚ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜©οΎοŽ‹οŽ‡οŽœοŽ‡ο½οΎοŽ“ξ˜ξ˜΅οΎοŽ‚οŽ‹οŽ‚οŽ“ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦οŽ‹οΊοŽ‡οΏοŽˆοŽ‹ο½ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜―οΊο»οΊοŽ‹οŽοΊξ˜ƒξ˜Έξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™–ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™‹ξ™œξ™—ξ™’ξ™“ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™Žξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™†ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™“ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹Mytilus galloprovincialisξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™‰ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™—ξ˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜›ξ˜ξ˜—ξ˜•ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜˜ξ˜–ξ˜‘
ξ˜¬οŽŒοŽˆοŽ…οΊξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°οΊοŽ‹οŽŠοŽŽοΎοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™–ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™Šξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ
ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒMytilus edulis platensisξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™’ξ™ξ™‰ξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™„ξ™—ξ™„ξ™Šξ™’ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜²ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™„ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™Šξ™•ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜˜ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜–ξ˜ξ˜•ξ˜™ξ˜œξ˜‘
ξ˜―οΊοŽŽοŽ“οŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ξ˜ͺοŽŽοΊοŽ’ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜Άξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜§οŽ‚οŽˆοŽ‡οŽ‡οΎξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜₯οΊοŽ‹ο»οΎοΊοŽŽξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ˜€ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜«οΊοŽ†ξ˜
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (4): xxx-xxx (2026)
ξ˜”ξ˜“
οŽ‚οŽ…οŽοŽˆοŽ‡ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜­ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜˜ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ο΅ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™—ξ™œξ˜ƒ
ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™Šξ™•ξ™’ξ™šξ™—ξ™‹ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™—ξ™Œξ™–ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ˜ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ξ™–ξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹Mytilus edulisξ˜Œξ˜ƒξ™Œξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™•ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‡ξ™šξ™„ξ™•ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™–ξ™ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¦ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜˜ξ˜“ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜–ξ˜
ξ˜—ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜•ξ˜ξ˜™ξ˜™ξ˜˜ξ˜‘
ξ˜°οΊοŽ‹οŽŠοŽŽοΎοŽŒξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜¬οŽŒοŽˆοŽ…οΊξ˜ƒξ˜·ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ΆοŽˆοŽοŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜½οΊοŽ‚οŽ‘οŽŒοŽˆξ˜ƒ ξ˜«ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¨ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™–ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™ξ™…ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒ
ξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™™ξ™Œξ™™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™˜ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™›ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
Mytilus edulis platensisξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™’ξ™ξ™‰ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™„ξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜°ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ ξ˜©ξ™Œξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒ ξ˜Άξ™†ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜ƒ ξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒ ξ˜˜ξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜§ξ˜²ξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜—ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜–ξ˜’ξ™ξ™„ξšΏξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜–ξ˜–ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜™ξ˜”ξ˜›ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜±οΊοŽοŽ‚οŽˆοŽ‡οΊοŽ…ξ˜ƒξ˜°οŽ‚οŽ‡οŽ‚οŽŒοŽοŽ‹οŽ’ξ˜ƒοŽˆοΏξ˜ƒξ˜¨οΌοŽˆοŽ‡οŽˆοŽ†οŽ’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜³ξ™•ξ™’ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™†ξ˜
ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™‘ξ™—ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™Έξ™’ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™Œξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™†ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ˜±ξ™„ξ™†ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™†ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™ˆξ˜
ξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Œξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ™„ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™Šξ™•ξ™Œξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜°ξ™Œξ˜
ξ™‘ξ™Œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™•ξ™Œξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™’ξ™ξ™΄ξ™„ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™Ύξ™…ξ™ξ™Œξ™†ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ˜€ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™„ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜™ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ˜‘
ξ˜±οΎοŽοΎοŽ…οŽ…ξ˜ƒ ξ˜΅ξ˜¬ξ˜¨ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™œξ™–ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›€ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ
ξ™‘ξ™„ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™•ξ™„ξ™ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™’ξ™“ξ™˜ξ™ξ™„ξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜
ξ™–ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™ˆξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™Šξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™™ξ™„ξ™ξ™™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™’ξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™•ξ™ˆξ™™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™šξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™ξ˜
ξšΏξ™–ξ™‹ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹ξ˜”ξ˜Œξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜˜ξ˜”ξ˜ξ˜™ξ˜”ξ˜‘
ξ˜½οΊοŽ‚οŽ‘οŽŒοŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οŽ‚οŽ“οΊοŽ‹οŽ‹οΊοŽ…ο½οΎξ˜ƒξ˜½ξ˜¬ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜œξ˜œξ˜›ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™°ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™†ξ™’ξ™•ξ™‡ξ™„ξ™‡ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™•ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™Œξ™ξ™Œξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™—ξ™’ξ˜ƒξ™œξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™“ξ™ˆξ™•ξ˜
ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ™ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜ƒξ˜‹Mytilus platensisξ˜ƒξ˜§ξšΆξ˜²ξ™•ξ™…ξ˜‘ξ˜Œξ˜ƒ
ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜₯ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ˜ƒξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜—ξ˜šξ˜ξ˜™ξ˜•ξ˜‘
ξ˜½οΊοŽ‚οŽ‘οŽŒοŽˆξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜¨ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οŽ‚οŽ“οΊοŽ‹οŽ‹οΊοŽ…ο½οΎξ˜ƒξ˜½ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¨ξ™‰ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™—ξ™’ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™–ξ˜
ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™’ξ™…ξ™•ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™…ξ™Œξ™’ξ™ξ™„ξ™–ξ™„ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™’ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™‹ξ™„ξ™…ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™‡ξ™ˆξ˜ƒMytilus
platensis ξ˜§ξšΆξ˜²ξ™•ξ™…ξ˜ƒξ™ˆξ™‘ξ˜ƒξ™†ξ™˜ξ™ξ™—ξ™Œξ™™ξ™’ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜΅ξ™ˆξ™™ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™„ξ™•ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜³ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™”ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜—ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜œξ˜ξ˜”ξ˜•ξ˜–ξ˜‘
ξ˜½οŽοŽˆοŽ‡οŽ€ξ˜ƒξ˜Ίξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜―οŽ‚οŽ‡ξ˜ƒξ˜­ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜½οŽˆοŽŽξ˜ƒξ˜΄ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ΌοΊοŽ†οΊοŽ“οΊοŽ„οŽ‚ξ˜ƒξ˜«ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜ΌοΊοŽ‡οŽ€ξ˜ƒξ˜Ίξ˜ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜ΌοΊοŽ‡οŽ€ξ˜ƒξ˜ͺξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜¬ξ™ξ™“ξ™„ξ™†ξ™—ξ™–ξ˜ƒξ™’ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ™ξ™„ξ™•ξ™Šξ™ˆξ˜ξ™–ξ™†ξ™„ξ™ξ™ˆξ˜ƒξ™–ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™“ξ™ˆξ™‘ξ™‡ξ˜
ξ™ˆξ™‡ξ˜ƒ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™–ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™‰ξ™„ξ™•ξ™ξ˜ƒ ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™–ξ™ˆξ™–ξ™—ξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜ƒ ξ™‡ξ™ˆξ™“ξ™ξ™ˆξ™—ξ™Œξ™’ξ™‘ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒ ξ˜¨ξ™–ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™•ξ˜ƒ
ξ˜¦ξ™’ξ™„ξ™–ξ™—ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™‹ξ™ˆξ™ξ™‰ξ˜ƒξ˜Άξ™†ξ™Œξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜–ξ˜“ξ˜“ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜ƒξ˜§ξ˜²ξ˜¬ξ˜ξ˜ƒξ™‹ξ™—ξ™—ξ™“ξ™–ξ˜ξ˜’ξ˜’ξ™‡ξ™’ξ™Œξ˜‘
ξ™’ξ™•ξ™Šξ˜’ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜”ξ˜™ξ˜’ξ™ξ˜‘ξ™ˆξ™†ξ™–ξ™–ξ˜‘ξ˜•ξ˜“ξ˜•ξ˜—ξ˜‘ξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜›ξ˜šξ˜”ξ˜“ξ˜ƒ