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๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏އ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏พ๏އ๏ผ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๎˜๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜š๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜’๎™๎™„๎šฟ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›
RESUMEN. ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ophichthus remiger๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜‘
Palabras clave: ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Bycatch, interactions and trap loss in the Ophichthus remiger ๎šฟshery in northern Peru
ABSTRACT. ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒโˆ’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎™–โˆ’
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ophichthus remiger๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™Š๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™…๎™’๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ช๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ
Captura incidental, interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de
Ophichthus remiger en el norte del Perรบ
๎˜ค๏އ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏พ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏บ๏ผ๏Ž„๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏บ๎˜๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Žœ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž“1๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Žˆ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๏Žฑ๏Žช๏พ๏Ž“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Žช๏พ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏Žœ๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜–
1๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜ƒAndrea Pasara-Polack๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
Rosa Vinatea-Chรกvez๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒKarla Loza-Choque๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ
Jorge Grillo-Nรบรฑez๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒMarina Quiรฑe-Fernรกndez๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜›
Marine and
Fishery Sciences
MAFIS
*๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™Ž๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜
๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎™„๎™•
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’
๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ค๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜•
๎˜ฌ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎›๎˜ฑ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™˜๎™๎™™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜
๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒOphi-
chthus remiger๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎˜
๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
Ophichthus remiger๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
Key words: ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™…๎™’๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜–
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฅ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ
La pesquerรญa
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜น๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
Reinales
Tapa cรณnica mรณvil
Tubo cilรญndrico de PVC
Tapa cรณnica ๏ฌja
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 1. Diagram of the trap used for eel capture and its main components.
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜—
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Muraena๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Cynoponticus coniceps๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜‘
Anรกlisis de datos
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™น๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒร—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜
๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Colecta de datos
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜˜
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Comparaciรณn de resultados generales entre los
sistemas
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ณ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™˜๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹>๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎š•๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎˜
๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
Anรกlisis de congruencias en el reporte de espe-
cies entre ambos sistemas
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜ฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜™
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ a๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ b๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒc๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎š•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ธ๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ
Descripciรณn de viajes y datos colectados
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ยฑ๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Captura incidental
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒยฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Crossata ventricosa๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Cancer porteri๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Platymera gaudichaudii ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Thaisella chocolata๎˜ ๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Muraena๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎˜
๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Rhizoprionodon longurio๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜น๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎˜
๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜š
Destino de la captura incidental
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Merluccius gayi peruanus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Distribuciรณn espacial y batimรฉtrica de la captu-
ra incidental
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™›๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMuraena๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒM.
gayi peruanus๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 2. Location of ๎šฟshing hauls recorded by the ๎›€eet associated with the Peruvian Association of Eel Producers (APPA) through
the Fishing Log System (SBP) between September 2022 and August 2023. The red line indicates the 200 m isobath that
marks the break of the continental shelf. Blue dots mark the positions of the hauls made.
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜›
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGymnothorax๎˜ Platymera๎˜๎˜ƒ
Crossata ๎™œ Calappa๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒCrossata๎˜ Calappa
๎™œ๎˜ƒ Thaisella ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Merluc-
cius ๎™œ Cancer ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒGenypterus๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Interacciones con depredadores superiores
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Otaria byronia๎˜Œ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Arctocephalus austra-
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Rhizoprionodon longurio๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 4. Photographic record of the only report of longnose
shark ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ between September
2022 and August 2023.๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 3. Percentage composition of incidental catch (n = 35,644.68 kg) recorded between September 2022 and August 2023.๎˜ƒ
Caracol gringo ()
Jaiba colorada ()
Crossata ventricosa
Cancer porteri
Jaiba paco
()
Caracol negro ()
Morena ( sp.)
Cangrejo puรฑete ()
Morena motas blancas
()
Otros
Platymera gaudichaudii
Thaisella chocolata
Muraena
Hepatus chiliensis
Gymnothorax equatorialis
14,2%
8,2%
8,7%
9,5%
9,7% 11,1%
14%
24,6%
35.644,68 kg
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜œ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 5. Species composition in the incidental catch according to latitudinal distribution between September 2022 and August 2023.๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Table 1. Destination of incidental catch species in volume (kg) recorded in the ๎›€eet associated with the Peruvian Association of Eel
Producers (APPA) through the Fishing Logbook System (SBP), between September 2022 and August 2023. V: destination
released live; M: destination returned dead; O: other (consumption).
I๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Crossata ventricosa๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜“
๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Cancer porteri๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•
๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Platymera gaudichaudii๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–
๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Thaisella chocolata๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜“
๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Muraena๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜›
๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Hepatus chiliensis๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜”
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Gymnothorax equatorialis๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Merluccius gayi peruanus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜“
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜”
๎˜ท๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“
Calappa
Cancer
Crossata
Diplectrum
Genypterus
Gymnothorax
Merluccius
Muraena
Platymera
Thaisella
Others
Latitud (ยฐS)
-3,5 -4,0 -4,5 -5,0 -5,5 -6,0 -6,50
100
75
50
25
0
Riqueza de especies (%)
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜”๎˜“
lis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
0-90
0
Riqueza de especies (%)
91-180 181-360 361-550
Profundidad (m)
10
20
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘
Figure 7. Relative composition of species in the incidental catch according to the bathymetric stratum, recorded between September
2022 and August 2023๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 6. Genus richness in incidental catch according to bathymetric stratum, recorded between September 2022 and August 2023.๎˜ƒ
Calappa
Cancer
Crossata
Genypterus
Gymnothorax
Merluccius
Platymera
Thaisella
Others
100
75
50
25
0
Riqueza de especies (%)
0-90 91-180 181-360 361-550
Profundidad (m)
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger 11
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Procellaria aequinoctialis๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Phoebas-
tria irrorata)๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹P. irrorata๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹P. aequinoctialis๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜น๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Pรฉrdida de nasas
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎˜๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Fregata magni๎šฟcens๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Pelecanus thagus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Figure 8. Continuous map of species richness in incidental catch by bathymetric stratum (m), recorded by the ๎›€eet belonging to
the Peruvian Association of Eel Producers (APPA) through the Fishing Logbook System (SBP), between September 2022
and August 2023.๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜”๎˜•
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎˜
๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Comparaciรณn entre los sistemas de monitoreo
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ>๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎˜
๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜ƒ =๎˜ƒ
๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ>๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Table 2. Number of throws, total individuals and type of interaction (๎›€ying, feeding and entangled) of sea lions and seabirds
recorded in the Fishing Log System (SBP) between September 2022 and August 2023.
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’s
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ Otaria byronia ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜™
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ Arctocephalus australis ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–
๎˜ค๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ Fregata magni๎šฟcens ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ Pelecanus thagus ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ Procellaria aequinoctialis ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Phoebastria irrorata ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜’๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ Ardenna grisea ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ Larosterna inca ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜”๎˜–
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ =๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹<๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹>๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ž
๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘
Congruencias en el reporte de especies entre am-
bos sistemas
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜”๎˜—
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎š•๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹C. porteri๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹C. ventricosa๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Gymnothorax equatorialis๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ<๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹>๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘
Table 3. Results of the di๎ฟผerence (Wilcoxon test), agreement (intraclass correlation coe๎ฟฝcient, ICC) and precision (Bland-Alt-
man) analyses between the records of the Fishing Log System (SBP) and the On-Board Observer System (SOB), between
September 2022 and August 2023.
๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ
๎˜น๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ
๎˜น๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„
๎˜น๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘
๎˜น๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„
๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ
๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜”๎˜˜
๎˜‹>๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ฌ๎›๎˜ฑ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹M. gayi peruanus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Prionotus stephanophrys๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹C. ventricosa๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Mureana๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Hepatus
chiliensis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹P. gaudichaudii๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹C.
coniceps๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎˜ท๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Table 4. Global agreement in the recording of incidental catch species between the Fishing Logbook System (SBP) and the On-
Board Observer System (SOB), between September 2022 and August 2023.
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘
๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•
๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜ฎ๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„
๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–
๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜”๎˜™
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹R. longu-
rio๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜
๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹T.๎˜ƒchocolata๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜
๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹<๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™Œ๎˜
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜”๎˜š
๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™พ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™พ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒF. magni๎šฟcens๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹P. irrorata๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ด๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹P. aequinoctialis๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‡๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜”๎˜›
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™พ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ž ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ>๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ=๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜”๎˜œ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎˜
๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎˜
๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜
๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜‘
Con๎›€icto de interรฉs
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
Contribuciรณn de autores
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™พ๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฉ๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎˜ถ
๎˜ค๏Ž€๏އ๏พ๏ސ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏ސ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏ށ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏พ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏พ๏ކ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Žˆ๏ฟ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎™›
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏บ๏Žƒ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏พ๏ކ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Žˆ๏ฟ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ކ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‘๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏އ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž…๏บ๏ผ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏އ๏އ๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏ށ๏Žƒ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏Žƒ๏ŽŽ๏އ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏บ๏Ž‚๏ށ๏บ๏ŽŠ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏บ๏ป๏Žˆ๏ސ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏ŽŽ๏ฝ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜–๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏บ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜
๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏އ๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏Ž‚๏ป๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜
๏ฝ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ
๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜’๎™‰๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–
๎˜ƒ๎™‚๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜”๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜ฆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ถ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‰๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏บ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜
๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏އ๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏Ž‚๏ป๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜
๏ฝ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™…๎˜‘ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎˜
๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
[๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜’๎™‰๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™‚๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜’
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒOtaria byronia๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ค๎˜™๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”
๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ค๎˜™๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ฆ๏Žœ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏พ๏އ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ค๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž’๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏މ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒArctocephalus australis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ค๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•
๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ค๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žฌ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏บ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ฝ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒOphich-
thus๎˜ƒpaci๎šฟci๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎š๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Žฃ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜
๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏މ๏މ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž„๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏Ž๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž’๏އ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏ฝ๏ŽŒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜’๏Žƒ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏ށ๏พ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž๏Ž€๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’
๎™๎™‰๎™…๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž€๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๏บ๏އ๏Ž‚๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๏Žˆ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ
๏Ž๏ށ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๏އ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏އ๏ŽŒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Žœ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ป๏บ๏Žƒ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Žช๏พ๏ฝ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒOphichthus remiger๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎˜‘
๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏บ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏ކ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ސ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž€๏ށ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ฑ๎˜ธ๎˜ค๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ฐ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ฒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™œ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏บ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏บ๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜
๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏އ๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏Ž‚๏ป๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜
๏ฝ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ
๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜’๎™‰๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™‚
๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜’๎˜ช๎˜ธ๎˜ฌ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ช๎™˜๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜–๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜ค๎™„๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“
๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏Ž’๏บ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Žœ๏އ๏ผ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ถ๏ผ๏บ๏Ž€๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Ž‚๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜”๎˜’๎™•๎™“๎™…๎˜‘
๎™™๎˜•๎˜”๎™Œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Žˆ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ฝ๎˜
๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏ฝ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏ฟ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๏އ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏އ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎™„๎˜‘ Phoebastria irro-
rata๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ค๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ถ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ค๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏ฝ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๏ฟ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๏އ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏އ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Procellaria
aequinoctialis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ค๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”
๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜ท๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ค๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ฅ๏Ž…๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏Ž๏ކ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜’๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—
๎˜ฆ๏Žœ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏พ๏އ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ค๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž’๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏މ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜•๎˜”
๎˜ช๏บ๏އ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏އ๏พ๏Žƒ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏บ๏ผ๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏พ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎˜‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Ž‹๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜น๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ h๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‹๎™‡๎™๎˜‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜’๎˜™๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ป๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏พ๏ฟ๏พ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜–๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™๎˜
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜›๎˜’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž…๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’
๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ป๎˜‹๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž€๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏Ž’๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๏˜จ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏ฟ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘
[๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒOphichthus๎˜ƒremiger๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™†๎™‡๎™‘๎˜‘๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’
๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜’๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎™œ๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜™๎šƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎šถ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™†๎™‡๎™‘๎˜‘
๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎šฟ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜’
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ˆ๎˜ฆ๎˜–๎˜ˆ๎˜ฅ๎˜–๎™‘๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ˆ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜™๎šƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎šถ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™†๎™‡๎™‘๎˜‘๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™‰๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜–๎˜•๎˜’๎˜š๎˜™๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎™’๎™‰๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„
๎˜ƒ๎˜๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜ข๎™™๎˜ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๏Žˆ๏ށ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฒ๎˜ค๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฉ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜’๎˜ถ๎˜ณ๎˜ฒ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜’๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜’๎™„๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎™’๎™‰๎˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜
๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜”๎™๎™™๎™†๎™‰๎™“๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™†๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏พ๏އ๏Ž„๏Ž‚๏އ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏ฟ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎˜
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’
๎™‰๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜œ
๎˜ฎ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎˜
๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ฐ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™‰๎™„๎™’๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜—๎˜’
๎™œ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜™๎™–๎˜’๎™œ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜™๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎™‹๎™—๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ผ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๏ถ๎˜
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘
๎™๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏พ๏އ๏พ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜†๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜
๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™š๎™“๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜’
๎˜ฑ๎˜ค๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ง๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏Žฌ๏މ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๏˜จ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏ผ๏ฟ๏บ๏ฝ๏Ž’๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏ŽŽ๏އ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž€๏Ž๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏މ๏މ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฑ๎˜ธ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Žƒ๏Ž…๏ŽŽ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏บ๏ป๏ผ๏Žˆ๏ผ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏ށ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‚๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜
๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๏˜จ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Marine and Fishery Sciences 39 (2): xxx-xxx (2026)
๎˜•๎˜•
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜’
๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ฟ๏Ž‚๏އ๏ฝ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏އ๏ŽŒ๎˜
๏Ž๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜›๎˜’๎™–๎˜—๎˜–๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ป๏พ๏พ๏Ž„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žœ๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ށ๏Žˆ๏މ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏พ๏އ๏ฝ๏บ๏އ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏พ๏އ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ސ๏Ž‚๏ކ๏ކ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏އ๎˜๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏ฝ๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๎˜๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ฐ๏พ๏އ๎˜
๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏އ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜๎˜ฒ๏Ž๏บ๎˜
๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏บ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Žˆ๏ކ๏บ๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‚๏އ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏บ๏ผ๏ށ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‹๏บ๏އ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ต๎˜
๎˜ณ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ต๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’
๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜–๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏พ๏އ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏އ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏Ž…๎˜๎˜ฎ๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏บ๏Ž„๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‚๏އ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Žฌ๏ކ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž€๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž‹๏އ๏Žœ๏އ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž“๏บ๏Žช๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž’๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๏บ๏ކ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏ށ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏އ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏Žฃ๏އ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ผ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๏ŽŽ๏ކ๏บ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜›๎˜’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ކ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‚๏Ž“๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๎˜
๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜น๏Žœ๏Ž“๏ŽŠ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏พ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๏ŽŒ๏މ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Žˆ๏Ž“๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏އ๏Ž“๏Žœ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Žƒ๏Žง๏บ๎˜ฉ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž…๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜
๏ฝ๏บ๏Žช๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ Rhizoprionodon
longurio๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ท๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ค๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™›๎˜‘๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜’๎™Œ๎™˜๎™†๎™‘๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘๎™•๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
๎™—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜•๎™„๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ސ๏ŽŽ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏บ๏ผ๏พ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏บ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž’๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜
๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜
๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ophichthus๎˜ƒremiger๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎šž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜’๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜
๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜™๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜พ๎˜ณ๎˜ต๎˜ฒ๎˜ง๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜จ๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏އ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ophich-
thus remiger๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๏พ๏บ๏ކ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎˜
๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ต๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏พ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž„๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏ށ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏Ž€๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏บ๏ކ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ށ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž“๏Ž“๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎™–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜
๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž’๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๏ŽŽ๏ผ๏Ž„๏พ๎˜๎˜ช๏บ๏พ๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ฉ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒOtaria ๎›€avescens๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜’
Pasara-Polack et al.: Interacciones y pรฉrdida de nasas en la pesquerรญa de O. remiger ๎˜•๎˜–
๎˜ถ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ށ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏އ๏ผ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฝ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜’
๎™‰๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ށ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎˜
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๏˜จ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™‰๎™„๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š
๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏Ž๏บ๏ฝ๏พ๏އ๏พ๏Ž’๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏ฟ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ކ๏Žœ๏އ๎˜๎˜ค๏ކ๏บ๏އ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜’๎™…๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎™™๎˜–๎˜š๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“
๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎˜‘๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™
๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜’๎˜–๎˜–๎˜”๎˜•๎˜’๎˜”๎˜’๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎™“๎™‡๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๏พ๏މ๏Žฑ๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๏ฝ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž“๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏˜จ๎˜ถ๏ށ๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏މ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏Žœ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏އ๎˜
๏Ž€๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜’๎™๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–11
๎˜ถ๏ށ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ށ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–
๎˜ธ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ป๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏ŽŽ๏ป๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ป๏บ๏Žƒ๏บ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Žฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™พ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏ผ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๏Žˆ๏Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๏Ž‚๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏ސ๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏พ๏ސ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜’๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜›๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏บ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏އ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏އ๏Ž€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎™›
๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏އ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏บ๏ป๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏އ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Ž‚๏އ๏ผ๏ށ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Žˆ๏Ž„๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜’๎™๎˜‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“
๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ