Tools to manage by-catch and use of technics to increase postselectivity survival

Abstract

In 2009 the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) of FAO provided for the preparation of International Guidelines for By-catch Management and Reduction of Discards. The objectives of the guidelines are to minimize catch and mortality to promote responsible fishing, provide orientation on the measures to adopt and improve the records and estimates of all by-catch components. The management plans and best practices include, among others, (i) examination of the determinant factors, obstacles and benefits, (ii) elaboration of measures adequate to each fishery, (iii) adoption of the best practices in cooperation with stakeholders, (iv) promotion of incentives to fishermen, and (v) fostering cooperation taking their views into account. In general, with selective fishing gears by-catch can be reduced by 60-70%. Solutions vary according to fisheries and regions. A device or method that works properly in one area does not necessarily do in others. Practical, effective and enforceable solutions are needed. Selective fishing is justified only if a significant number of fish and other organisms that escape survive. Different technics are required to counteract the numerous factors that affect survival of specimens that escape trawl nets.